Primary sources · Critical examination

The Qur'an, examined from its sources.

The Arabic text in eight transmissions, how it was compiled, and what the classical authorities said about it. Every figure cited.

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Abrogation2:256

لَآ إِكْرَاهَ فِى ٱلدِّينِ ۖ قَد تَّبَيَّنَ ٱلرُّشْدُ مِنَ ٱلْغَىِّ ۚ فَمَن يَكْفُرْ بِٱلطَّٰغُوتِ وَيُؤْمِنۢ بِٱللَّهِ فَقَدِ ٱسْتَمْسَكَ بِٱلْعُرْوَةِ ٱلْوُثْقَىٰ لَا ٱنفِصَامَ لَهَا ۗ وَٱللَّهُ سَمِيعٌ عَلِيمٌ

There is no compulsion in religion. The right direction is henceforth distinct from error. And he who rejecteth false deities and believeth in Allah hath grasped a firm handhold which will never break. Allah is Hearer, Knower. — Marmaduke Pickthall

9:5 Then, when the sacred months have passed, slay the idolaters wherever ye find them, and take them (captive), and besiege them, and prepare for them each ambush. But if th...

Abrogated by 9:73per Abu Ja'far al-Nahhas (2/98); Makki b. Abi Talib al-Qaysi (193).
Abrogated by 9:5per Hibat Allah b. Salama (56); Abu al-Faraj Ibn al-Jawzi (1/297).
142 versesclaimed abrogated by 9:5 across 9 authorities in our data.

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114suras88 Meccan · 26 Medinan 6,236verses, Ḥafṣ countcounts differ in 68 suras 5,783variant reading spotsacross the transmissions shown 8transmissions4 readers · 3 verse counts 5–233verses held abrogated <0.1%–3.7% of verses · depends on the authority

Abrogation (naskh)

How many verses were abrogated? It depends who you ask.

All claims →

Verses each classical authority held abrogated, as % of 6,236. Never one number: each figure is cited to its own edition.

Qatada b. Di'ama al-Sadusi d. 117 AH

35 claimed 0.6%

al-Nasikh wa-l-mansukh · ed. al-Damin, al-Risala 1418, pp. 31–50
Ibn Shihab al-Zuhri (attributed) d. 124 AH

39 claimed 0.6%

al-Nasikh wa-l-mansukh (attributed) · ed. al-Damin, al-Risala 1418, pp. 18–36
Abu Ja'far al-Nahhas d. 338 AH unverified

116 claimed 1.9%

al-Nasikh wa-l-mansukh · ed. al-Lahim, al-Risala 1412, 3 vols
Hibat Allah b. Salama d. 410 AH unverified

233 claimed 3.7%

al-Nasikh wa-l-mansukh · ed. al-Shawish & Kan'an, al-Maktab al-Islami 1404/1984
Makki b. Abi Talib al-Qaysi d. 437 AH unverified

181 claimed 2.9%

al-Idah li-nasikh al-Qur'an wa-mansukhih · ed. Farhat, Dar al-Manara 1406
Abu Bakr Ibn al-'Arabi d. 543 AH unverified

196 claimed 3.1%

al-Nasikh wa-l-mansukh · ed. al-Mdaghri, al-Thaqafa al-Diniyya 1413
Abu al-Faraj Ibn al-Jawzi d. 597 AH

~22 accepted 0.4% of 247 examined

Nawasikh al-Qur'an · ed. al-Malibari, Islamic University 1423, editor, 1/177, editor, 2/633–638
Jalal al-Din al-Suyuti d. 911 AH

20–22 accepted 0.3%–0.4%

al-Itqan fi 'ulum al-Qur'an, naw' 47 · ed. Abu al-Fadl Ibrahim, al-Hay'a 1394, vol. 3, 3/73–77
Shah Wali Allah al-Dihlawi d. 1176 AH

5 accepted <0.1% of 21 examined

al-Fawz al-kabir · ed. al-Nadwi, Dar al-Sahwa 1407, pp. 85–93, p. 93