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Linguistic Analysis · argument Classical sources

Al-A‘rāf 7:161

The verse

7:161
وَإِذْ قِيلَ لَهُمُ ٱسْكُنُوا۟ هَٰذِهِ ٱلْقَرْيَةَ وَكُلُوا۟ مِنْهَا حَيْثُ شِئْتُمْ وَقُولُوا۟ حِطَّةٌ وَٱدْخُلُوا۟ ٱلْبَابَ سُجَّدًا نَّغْفِرْ لَكُمْ خَطِيٓـَٰٔتِكُمْ ۚ سَنَزِيدُ ٱلْمُحْسِنِينَ ١٦١
And when it was said unto them: Dwell in this township and eat therefrom whence ye will, and say "Repentance," and enter the gate prostrate; We shall forgive you your sins; We shall increase (reward) for the right-doers. — Marmaduke Pickthall

The issue

This verse states “and say ‘hittatun and enter the gate adoring....’” However, the words

seem to have been rearranged. Elsewhere in the Qur’ān, the order is stated this way:

“and enter the gate worshipping and say ‘hittatun....” (Q 2.58). (The word hittatun is an

ambiguous word. Muslim scholars suggest the following possible meanings: asking for

forgiveness, humility, or prostrating, to name a few).

Al-Zamakhsharī comments on this discrepancy: “It is all right if the two expressions

are different, as long as there is no contradiction”.

Yes, there should be no contradiction. But which of the two terms is more correct

according to the linguistic miracle of the Qur’ān? Regardless of which answer is the

correct one, we are still left with a more eloquent verse and a less eloquent one.

Question: If God is the author of both of these verses, why is there a less eloquent verse still in the Qur’ān?.

Arabic text of this item

جاء في الآية: <وَقُولُواْ: «حِطَّةٌ»، وَادْخُلُواْ الْبَابَ سُجَّداً!> (الأعراف 7: 161)، في الآية تقديم وتأخير، ولكن الترتيب قد ورد في موضع آخر: <وَادْخُلُواْ الْبَابَ سُجَّداً وَقُولُواْ: «حِطَّةٌ»!> (البقرة 2: 58).

ويعلق الزمخشري على هذا الاختلاف بقوله: «لا بأس باختلاف العبارتين، إذا لم يكن هناك تناقض».

نعم، لا تناقض! ولكن أي العبارتين أصح على سلم الإعجاز اللغوي؟ وبعد أن نعرف الجواب نسأل: ولماذا تأتي عبارة بليغة وأخرى دونها في البلاغة؟

Sources cited

  1. الزمخشري (2: 523).